The rich finds from the excavations in the necropolis of the ancient city date back to the archaic, classical and Hellenistic periods. The oldest burials, dating back to the 7th and 6th centuries. BC (archaic period), they were cremations of adults, while the few burials in earthen pits (inhumation)
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Near the medieval Castle above the present village of Mandraki in the NW. of the island, an ancient fortified precinct with towers, a gate, and inner ramparts, dating back to classical times. In the valley to the E., a cemetery in use from Archaic to Roman times. Roman baths in Panagia Thermiani
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The fortification of the ancient city of Nisyros can still be seen today crowning the hill that rises above Mandraki. It is one of the best preserved ancient fortifications in the Aegean. The wall is built on top of the low hill above Mandraki. For its construction, large bricks of volcanic black
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Surface investigations have identified prehistoric, Hellenistic and Roman sites in various parts of the island of Gyali opposite Nisyros, among which the obsidian quarries in the north-eastern part of the island occupy an important position. The habitation of Giali goes back to the Neolithic years
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