Thebes / Thebes
It has been continuously inhabited since the early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC). One of the strongest Mycenaean kingdoms. In the walled acropolis of Kadmeia, parts of the two phases of the Mycenaean palace, which had walled apartments, storerooms and workshops, have been uncovered. It was destroyed in the 14th century BC and again around the middle of the 13th century BC so it was abandoned. The city continued to be inhabited during the 12th - 11th century BC. A large set of Linear B signs has recently been uncovered, adding new evidence to the social and religious life of the city. Extensive Mycenaean cemeteries in the surrounding hills yielded large numbers of vases and jewelry. Around 520 BC Thebes took the lead together with Orchomenos in the establishment of the "Council of Boeotians". The oligarchic Thebes "bitten" during the Persian wars and sided with the Persians, due to its anti-jealousy with Athens. This enmity often pitted the two cities against each other. During the years of the Theban generals Pelopidas and Epaminondas (371 - 362 BC) it emerged as the ruling city of Greece. After the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) it was destroyed by the Macedonians in 335 BC. and was rebuilt by the Macedonian king Cassander in 316 BC. Of the seven mythical gates of the city, which were defended by an equal number of heroes in the "Seven on Thebes" campaign, only two circular towers on either side of the Electric Gates (end of the 4th century BC) have been excavated to date. Of particular importance to the Thebans was the worship of Apollo Ismenius already from the geometric times (9th - 8th century BC). The late classical temple of the god (around 371 BC ) was excavated on a hill between the cemetery and the Electric Gates. Remains of another small classical temple may be identified with the sanctuary of Dimitros Thesmophorou. Also, few traces of the Roman theater of Sulla (1st century BC) were found and tombs of various periods (from Geometric to Roman times) were investigated. The local Museum exhibits important sections of objects not only from Thebes, but from various regions of Boeotia (such as Tanagra, Ritsona, Avlida, Ales, Akraifia, the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoou, etc.). ) and tombs of various periods (from Geometric to Roman times) were investigated. The local Museum exhibits important sections of objects not only from Thebes, but from various regions of Boeotia (such as Tanagra, Ritsona, Avlida, Ales, Akraifia, the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoou, etc.). ) and tombs of various periods (from Geometric to Roman times) were investigated. The local Museum exhibits important sections of objects not only from Thebes, but from various regions of Boeotia (such as Tanagra, Ritsona, Avlida, Ales, Akraifia, the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoou, etc.).
Kaverion: 8 km west of Thebes is the famous ancient sanctuary of Kaveri, where Kaveri and Pais, two fertility deities, were worshipped. Their worship is witnessed here from the Archaic (7th - 6th century BC) to Roman times (4th century AD). The excavations revealed the temple in an enclosure with two altars (older phase from the 6th century BC, surviving remains from the end of the 4th century BC with additions of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC .X.), the Hellenistic theater (3rd - 1st century BC) for the performance of sacred ceremonies of initiation, a portico (40 m long, around the middle of the 1st century BC) and various circular and elliptical buildings with pits for sacrifices and seats for the gathering of the faithful. The entire sanctuary was surrounded by a strong enclosure. A number of votives were found (in the Museum of Thebes), among which stand out the kantharis and the so-called "Kaveric scyphs" with grossly ludicrous scenes. In the Archaeological Museum mosaic floor, probably from an early Christian basilica built on the site of a gymnasium, with the allegories of the months and hunting scenes. An inscription mentions the votaries Dimitrios and Epiphanes, the cleric Paul and the founder priest Konstantinos (first half of the 6th century). Early Christian mosaic floors have been found in various parts of the city. The marble burial lion of Chaeronea was erected on a high pedestal by the Thebans to honor the men of the Holy Company who were all killed fighting against Philip II in the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). probably from an early Christian basilica built on the site of a gymnasium, with allegories of the months and hunting scenes. An inscription mentions the votaries Dimitrios and Epiphanes, the cleric Paul and the founder priest Konstantinos (first half of the 6th century). Early Christian mosaic floors have been found in various parts of the city. The marble burial lion of Chaeronea was erected on a high pedestal by the Thebans to honor the men of the Holy Company who were all killed fighting against Philip II in the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). probably from an early Christian basilica built on the site of a gymnasium, with allegories of the months and hunting scenes. An inscription mentions the votaries Dimitrios and Epiphanes, the cleric Paul and the founder priest Konstantinos (first half of the 6th century). Early Christian mosaic floors have been found in various parts of the city. The marble burial lion of Chaeronea was erected on a high pedestal by the Thebans to honor the men of the Holy Company who were all killed fighting against Philip II in the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). Early Christian mosaic floors have been found in various parts of the city. The marble burial lion of Chaeronea was erected on a high pedestal by the Thebans to honor the men of the Holy Company who were all killed fighting against Philip II in the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). Early Christian mosaic floors have been found in various parts of the city. The marble burial lion of Chaeronea was erected on a high pedestal by the Thebans to honor the men of the Holy Company who were all killed fighting against Philip II in the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC).
Source: MINISTRY OF THE AEGEAN
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