Narthakion
City of Fthiotis Achaia. It was identified with the current Castle of Limogardi, north of the village of the same name. In the acropolis, several well-preserved parts of the fortification with a gate and square towers (from classical and Hellenistic times) are preserved.
Lamia
The city developed from 413 BC. and so on, when the Maliians occupied its territory, expelling the Achaean Phthians, and made it the capital of their state. In the 4th c. BC passed successively under the rule of the Macedonians and Demetrius Poliorkitos. In 190 BC was plundered by the Romans.
Part of a polygonal wall from the city's fortification dates back to the end of the 5th century BC and survives in the NW. and YES. corner of the enclosure. There are also sections built in the 4th century BC and others from the 3rd - 2nd century BC, all integrated into the Byzantine and Frankish castle. In general, the citadel of Lamia is referred to as particularly fortified and resistant to attack. Recent excavations have brought to light the remains of buildings outside the walls and parts of three cemeteries. From 431 AD it is mentioned as the seat of a diocese. Early Christian phases on the city wall perhaps go back to the renovation of the years of Justinian I (6th century). Ruins of an early Christian building below the newer church of Panagia Despina. Mosaic floor with broken inscription probably comes from an early Christian basilica of the Holy Apostles.
Stylis / Falara
Port of Lamia, destroyed by an earthquake in 427/6 BC. but it was rebuilt a little later. The ancient city may be identified with Stylida, where houses from the 4th century BC have been excavated built on the basis of the "horse system". In the NE. of the settlement, at the top of the hill of Prophet Ilias, traces of fortification (4th century BC). West of Stylida, near the churches of Ag. Trinity and St. Kyriakou, part of the 4th century BC wall is preserved.
Achinos / Echinos or Echinous
The acropolis is located on a hill in the northern part of the village of Achinos, on the border of ancient Malidos and Fthiotidos. Two towers, an entrance and parts of the wall are preserved at a great height from the classical fortification (4th century BC). Hero of Roman times with a crypt. Episcopal seat in the 5th and 6th c. During the reign of Justinian I (6th century) it was fortified again but was damaged by the earthquake of 551. To the north of the village there are remains of fortifications (probably 6th century) from ancient buildings in second use. Early Christian marble architectural members. At the Perivolaki site, remains of a single-aisled early Christian basilica dedicated to Agios Athanasios with fragments of a mosaic floor.
Pelasgia / Larissa Hanging
City of Fthiotidos Achaia. Parts of the classical fortification are preserved in the steep acropolis (5th - 4th century BC) with gates and towers. The city is also mentioned in early Byzantine times. An early Christian basilica has been excavated on the beach. Mosaic floors in the central aisle and the narthex.
Andron
Town of Fthiotidos Achaia, mentioned in the Iliad, opposite Istiaea. Remains of the classical fortification of the acropolis (4th century BC) were found in Glyfa Castle and caves with offerings to Demeter were found on the slopes of the hill.
Heraklia
Fortified city on the banks of the Asopos River. During the reign of Justinian I (6th century) it was included in the defense network of Thermopylae and was connected to the neighboring city of Myropolis by a wall that protected the valley of Asopos. In the surviving ruins of the ancient and Byzantine wall, phases attributed to the reconstruction of the 6th century can be distinguished.
Fylaki / Myropolis
East of Old Eleftherochori. During the reign of Justinian (6th century) it was connected with the neighboring Heraklion by a defensive wall.
Thermopylae or Pylae
The strait owes its name to the hot thermal springs that exist there and to its strategic location on the road from North to Central and South Greece. It was the seat of Pylaia Amphiktyonia, that is, the religious and political center of the Greeks who lived around the Maliak gulf. The battle of Thermopylae was fought in the area between the Greeks under Leonidas, king of Sparta, and the Persians (480 BC). Parts of fortifications and defense works have come to light in the area. Tombs of various eras are scattered in the area. Ruins of a portico and a stadium were excavated 2.5 km west of Kolonos hill. The sanctuary of Amphictyonidos Demetrius in ancient Antheli was also famous in antiquity. There are evidence of sulfur baths with bathers, renovated by Herodes Atticus and an altar of Herakles.
The ancient fortifications were renovated by Justinian I (6th century).
Skarfeia / Karfia
In the 5th c. A.D. it was an important port, grain storage center and episcopal seat. In the 6th century it was the main port of Pentapolis. It suffered significant damage from the earthquake of 551. On the slopes of the hill of the acropolis there are remains of a settlement with phases from the early Christian period and pottery from the same period.
Mendenitsa The site of the well-preserved Venetian fort of Mendenitsa (or Voudonitsa) has been identified with the ancient city of Pharygai - a colony of the Argives, known for the worship of Hera Pharygaia - or with ancient Nicaea. In the medieval castle (13th century) parts of the wall from the classical and Hellenistic times were used as building material.
Agios Konstantinos
Remains of early Christian baths and other buildings have been excavated to the south of the church of Agios Konstantinos. Remains of an early Christian basilica with a mosaic floor (perhaps second half of the 5th century).
Dafnousia
Near Arkitsa. A three-aisled early Christian basilica with a transversal nave, narthex and exonarthex has been revealed. A part of the marble altarpiece and a mosaic floor, decorated with geometric and plant themes, and a dedicatory inscription (end of the 4th - beginning of the 5th century) are preserved. The pulpit, in the southeast corner of the central aisle, dates to the 6th century.
Kynos - Livanates
Remains of a settlement of the last Mycenaean period (1200 - 1100 BC) that developed on a low coastal hill. Storage and residential areas were revealed. The most important finds are the vases with representations of ships and naval battles. At the site of Pati, 1.5 km north of Livanates, near the sea, remains of an early Christian basilica on the site of a ruined later church.
Kyparissi
On the hill of Kastraki (or Kokkinovrachos) of the beach of Kyparissi there is a fortified citadel with walls that enclose a large area (4th or 3rd century BC). The foundations of a Doric temple were excavated on a neighboring hill (finds in the Lamia Museum). On the slopes of the hills are preserved ruins of houses, perhaps from the ancient city of Anastasin or Anastasia. A Doric temple (around the middle of the 5th century BC) and a Doric style gallery with monumental dimensions (mid 6th century BC) were excavated in the area, which is also related to a sanctuary, perhaps of Eukleia.
Atalanti / Opus
Capital of Opuntia Locris. Inside Atalanti, parts of a wall (4th - 3rd century BC), a reservoir and a Roman building were excavated, from which various sculptures come, and an inscribed base with the names of Zeus Patroos and Zeus Sotiros (in the Lamia Museum). The acropolis was probably at the site of Palaiopyrgos, where there are ruins of a medieval tower. On the beach of Livanates village, the port of Opuntos, Kynos, is located. On the coastal hill of Pyrgos, parts of the settlement's fortifications with towers and gate positions around a medieval tower are preserved.
Kastraki
West of Tragana. Important settlement of the 3rd and 4th c. A.D. and episcopal seat. It was probably abandoned from the end of the 6th century.
Agios Ioannis Theologos / Alai
The main port of eastern Locris, a stronghold of the Locrian pirates since the early Iron Age (11th - 8th centuries BC). It was destroyed by an earthquake in 426/5 BC. and in 106 AD The acropolis, where remains of Neolithic habitation have been found, is located on a low rocky hill 1 km NW. of the village of Agios Ioannis Theologos, in the middle of the Gulf of Atalanti. Parts of the fortification, gates, bastions, stairs, circular and square towers (from the early 6th and 3rd centuries BC) are preserved from historical times. The wall was in use until the years of Justinian I (6th century AD). Inside the western wall, a Doric temple and altar of Athena were excavated with different phases (beginning of the 6th century BC, end of the 6th century BC and end of the 5th century BC) and many findings (architectural members, clay tiles and votives, at the Lamia Museum). Remains of a ceramic kiln and other buildings from the archaic, classical and Hellenistic eras, a Roman bath as well as part of a Neolithic settlement. From the city's cemetery (middle of the 6th century BC - Roman times) we have a number of finds.
Mazi Malesinas,
ruins of a three-aisled early Christian basilica with frescoes and a mosaic floor have been excavated.
Larmes / Larymna
Natural double port of Locris, on the coast of the northern Euboean gulf. The area was inhabited during the Bronze Age (3rd - 2nd millennium BC). Part of the cyclopean fortification is preserved.
From historical times, its fortification (4th century BC and Hellenistic times), with square towers, is quite well preserved. On the beach of the village of Larmes, near the factory, remains of the sea wall with towers and the jetties of the ancient pier are visible. This is where Kato Larymna was located, while Ano Larymna is located at Pazaraki (2.5 km. south), where an acropolis with a wall (4th or 3rd century BC) is preserved. From the remains of port facilities, probably from the time of Justinian (6th century), parts of the wharf, built with large structures, the breakwater and port buildings are preserved.
Boumelita / Boumelitaia
2 km SW. of Martinus. An ancient city that also survives in early Byzantine times.
Glas
A rocky citadel that was fortified and inhabited in the Mycenaean era, the focus of the Mycenaeans' drainage works on Lake Kopaida. Inhabited since 1300 BC. and was destroyed by fire around 1230 BC. Cyclopean walls 2 km long with four gates protect a large wall-painted building that was a place for supervising the works and storing the grain.
Editor: Fotini Anastasopoulou