According to mythology, Paxos was created when the god Poseidon struck Corfu with his trident, cutting off its southern end and forming Paxos, to house his love with Amphitrite. But he lost his trident, which the Paxians found and made it their emblem. Homer first mentions the Paxos. The inhabitants were of Continental origin, Greek-speaking. The first settlers seem to have been the Phoenicians, who had their colony on Kefalonia.
432 BC: Off Paxos (referred to as the "Sivota Islands"), the largest naval battle between Greeks takes place up to that time. It took place between Corfu and Corinth, where 70 Corfu and 30 Corinthian triremes were sunk.
229 BC: The powerful fleets of the Illyrian pirates (inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Adriatic) and the Corfiranians clashed outside the so-called Paxos. The Illyrians won and conquered Corfu (and Paxos). This victory of theirs caused the first direct Roman intervention in Greek affairs. The Romans defeated the Illyrians a year later and forced them to grant land and pay taxes.
31 BC: The fleets of Octavian and Antony, with Cleopatra as an ally, moved to the Pax area, to end up in the naval battle of Actium. It is assumed that after its outcome, the fugitives, Antony and Cleopatra, due to a contrary wind, rushed to Paxos.
960 AD: The bishop of Cremona, Liutprand, historian, goes to Paxos to write the third volume of his History in a quiet environment. During the second half of the 13th century, Corfu came under the rule of the Andigai, annexing Paxos as well.
1386: The island is conquered by the Venetians. The Paxos were passed on to Venetian princes and barons as tribute for many decades.
1423: Baron Adam II San Hippolytos requested permission from Venice to build a fortress to protect the island from pirates. Two were built: one of Agios Nikolaos on the islet opposite Gaios and another in Lakka.
1510: Reconstruction of the fortress of Ag. Nikolaou, based on drawings by Leonardo Da Vinci.
1537: A great naval battle takes place between the allied Spanish, Venetian and Papal fleets against the Turks, in front of Pax under the leadership of the Genoese admiral Andrea Doria. Turkish ships were sunk and the sea of ​​Paxos was filled with corpses. Hairedin Barbarossa wanted to avenge the destruction caused by Doria. After looting and captures, Barbarossa decided to besiege Corfu. He soon found himself in a difficult position, raised the siege, and his troops withdrew, after they had caused immense destruction. Then the Turkish fleet, under the command of Barbarossa, appeared at Paxos, and the island was plundered from one end to the other. No stone was left unturned. The disaster was completed the following year, when Paxos became Torgut's stronghold. The island was deserted.  
1571: The Turkish fleet led by Admiral Loutsali Pasha plundered the island again, slaughtering the remaining inhabitants and desolating everything. The Paxians who escaped fled to the Diapontian islands, where they settled.
1797: The Venetians hand over the Ionian Islands, after 411 years of Venetian rule, to the Democratic French, who stayed until 1799, when the Russians and the Turks occupied Corfu.
1800: with the constitution made, the Ionian Islands were declared a Republic under the sovereignty of the Sultan and the protection of Russia.
1807: with the treaty of Tilsit, the Ionian Islands were ceded to Napoleon's Imperial French. The English blockade brought famine to the island. Thus, in May 1810 the Paxinos rebelled, seized power from the French, raising the English flag. The French were again forced and severely punished the rebels.
1814: The English army led by Major Theodoros Kolokotronis landed in the Planoi area of ​​Lakka and occupied without resistance the Castle of Ai Nikolas in Gai.
1817: The English grant a Constitution to the Ionian Islands, which formed the United State of the Ionian Islands under English Protection, with Maitland as First English Commissioner.
1821: The Paxinos, even though the Protection strictly forbade them, took part in the Greek revolution and offered their services in the liberation struggle. In the crown of heroes is Georgios Anemoyiannis, conjurer and arsonist, who sacrificed his life in the fight at the age of 23 in Nafpaktos.
1864: The flame of the Union with Greece, which had been smoldering for years, flared up in Paxos as well. The Paxos MPs Ioannis Vellianitis and Dimitrios Makris voted in the Ionian Parliament for the Union, which took place on May 21, 1864.
1912-13: The Paxos also gave their lives in the Balkan wars, as well as in the Asia Minor campaign and disaster of 1922. With open arms they accepted those who the refugee led to their land and integrated them into the local element.
1923: An Italian landing takes place in Corfu and Paxos for a month, in retaliation of Mussolini for the assassination of the Italian leader. 1940-41: The blood tax continues in the Greco-Italian war, during the German occupation and ends with the terrible civil war. During the difficult years of the Occupation, the Paxinos survived with the oil trade. Most of them rowed at night to the mainland coast of Greece, where they exchanged the oil for wheat, corn and barley.

Source: Municipality of Paxi
http://www.paxi.gr/